In the southern Amazon and northern Cerrado, deforestation has the potential to affect rainfall patterns by increasing land surface albedo, decreasing leaf area index, decreasing land surface roughness, and decreasing vegetation rooting depth. These changes can affect evapotranspiration and energy fluxes, resulting in altered rainfall patterns. Understanding changes in rainfall patterns in this region is important not only for sustaining Amazon and Cerrado ecosystems, but also for rainfed agriculture, hydropower generation, and drinking water management.